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When
you think of sport sedans, for most of us one manufacturer
immediately comes to mind. There are two reasons why BMW is so
identified, and they both occurred in the sixties: the 1800ti
4-door sedan, and the 1600 and 2002 2-door sedans. These cars were
reasonably sized (small by U.S. standards), roomy and practical,
and fun to drive. They took BMW's confused image (anyone
know what an Isetta is?) and turned it into one focused on
sporting sedans, and the company has done an admirable job of
staying on course ever since.
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Strengths |
Weaknesses |
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Handling/Ride
Responsiveness
Performance
Fuel
economy
Total
package excellence |
Room
4-cylinder
Interior
starkness
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The
subject of this profile, the 1992-98 3-Series, are a direct
descendant of the revered 2002.
This all-new 3-Series bowed at a time when it seemed like many
others in the car business were beginning to find the measure of BMW
when it came to small sport sedans. The 3-Series was getting old,
and it didn't help that they were becoming more identified with
those "Yuppies" of the eighties rather than with
automobile enthusiasts. All of them quickly found out, however, that
they were shooting at a moving target, and to this day there are
only a handful a vehicles that possess the portfolio of qualities
that these Bimmers have enjoyed for years.
What's
Available
When
this model was introduced, the lineup consisted of a four-door sedan
powered by a potent 2.5 liter six-cylinder inline engine. Soon a
coupe, less expensive four-cylinder versions, a convertible, a
hatchback and a performance version all joined the lineup.
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What
They Said When New |
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"...some
minute steering corrections and a sensitivity to crosswinds
are the only minor complaints we can muster."......Road
& Track 10/91
"A
sports sedan with its priorities straight. BMW has moved the
target again.".......Car & Driver 9/91
"Despite
its lowball price (for a BMW) the 318is won't attract the
serious bargain-hunters. Better value can be had with
a Honda Accord or a Pontiac Grand Am 2-door.".......Car
& Driver 8/92
"This
responsive and agile sedan is long on driving fun but short
on rear-seat comfort and trunk space.".........Consumer
Reports 8/94
"Is
this (M3) the one car we most want in our driveway? Damn
right. Is it good enough to be the 1995 Automobile
Magazine Automobile of the Year? Without a
doubt."........Automobile Magazine 1/95
"It's
amazing what a little change can do for a car. By simply
fattening the engine's torque curve, BMW has changed the
3-Series' overall demeanor, making it faster, more nimble
and more fun to drive."....Road & Track |
The
coupe and a 1.8 liter 4-cylinder version of both the coupe and
sedan arrived after the sedan's introduction with the 318 badge. A
convertible based on the previous design was available in '92 and
'93, after which it was based on the new platform. For 1995, a new
performance oriented coupe with BMW's famous "M" (Motorsports)
designation hit the streets. Also bowing in 1995 was an
"economy" version, the 318ti that sported a practical
hatchback body. A short-lived M3 sedan joined the lineup in '96.
"M" models were also available in a slightly less
extreme luxury version which, as the name suggests, traded some of
the all-out performance features for comforts ones.
Also
in 1996, BMW stroked the six (increased piston travel) resulting
in 2.8 liters and a substantial increase in torque. The model
name, now the 328i, was changed to reflect this displacement
change. The four also got a slight displacement increase, to 1.9
liters, but the model name remained 318. Perhaps 319 just didn't
sound right.
Exterior
Design
The
3-series still looks good today, even though the design is almost
ten years old. Purposeful looking with little flash, BMW's designers
did an excellent job of capturing the car's mission in it's look.
Subtly aggressive is one way of putting it.
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| A
'94 318ic |
In
the front, of course, is BMW's traditional kidney grille flanked by
dual round headlights under plastic covers. Driving lights reside
under the bumper as does a rectangular opening for engine cooling.
Moving
down the sides, a sharp relief line starts just behind the front
directionals, intersects the door handles and travels all the way to
the taillights. Along the way it passes under BMW's other
traditional design cue, the canted C-pillar. A horizontal rub strip
also runs down the sides of the car, positioned to deflect as many
stray doors as possible. A directional light was added to the rear
of the front fender in 1996.
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Running
Changes |
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1992
-- All new model; convertibles and coupes remain based on
previous generation.
1993
-- No major changes but coupe models now based on new
platform.
1994
-- Dual airbags added; convertible now based on current
platform; new traction control option 1995 M3 coupe added;
318ti hatchback added.
1996
-- Six-cylinder engine stroked to 2.8 liters and get an
aluminum block and a significant torque increase.
1997
-- Traction control now standard on six-cylinder cars; M3
4dr sedan added.
1998
Last year, no major changes. |
One
design element we're not fond of is the plastic bumper covering
found on all the earlier models and which continued all around the
lower part of the car. The flared fairing below the rocker panels
looks particularly tacky. BMW must have thought this, too, for they
gradually diminished the width of this plastic and painted it the
same color of the body after '95.
In
the back, two large rectangular taillights occupy the outboard
positions of the rear end. These taillights are fully integrated
with the backup lights and directionals.
As
mentioned above, rooflines all have the familiar c-pillar design.
Even the ti hatchback gets into the act and it works rather well
despite the stubby, shortened rear end it flows into.
The
myriad of wheel designs on most of the 3-Series leave us a bit flat.
Only on the "M" and some sports package-equipped models do
the wheels look like the rest of the car -- aggressive. We've
counted no less than eight different wheel designs (and one wheel
cover), and we're not sure we've got them all! You should also be
aware that at least one magazine's long-term test on an early
"M" model turned up a startling predilection to damage its
wheels, suffering no less than five failures over 35,000 miles of
driving. At over $400 a pop, ouch.
Interior
Design
Typical
traditional Teutonic design dominates the early cars. No warmth,
just cold efficiency. If you don't like the stark look, then you
should search for a '96 or later model with the premium package that
include some relief in the form of wood trim.
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Limited
Editions |
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There
were some other 3-Series models available during this
production run, but they were only available in limited
numbers. Two that were available here:
318ti
Club Sport
Based
on the entry level 3-series hatchback, this version sported
a lower and stiffer suspension, 16" 5-spoke alloy
wheels instead of the standard 15 inchers and some interior
and exterior trim changes, including special rear view
mirrors and a rear spoiler. Only 200 were made for the 1995
model year. All of the features except the special mirrors
became part of the Sports Package in '96.
M3
Lightweight
For
an additional $12,000 or so above a base M3, you could get a
lot less. About 200lbs less in the M3 Lightweight. How did
BMW get rid of the weight? Gone are the A/C, the power
windows, stereo, sunroof, spare tire and jack, tool kit,
trunk lining, and some sound deadener. Aluminum doors
replace the stock steel units. There's a slightly stiffer
suspension and a shorter drive ratio for quicker
acceleration, too. As for us, we'd take out the spare, jack
and toolkit ourselves, lose 10 lbs, install a pair of
lightweight buckets and save the 12 grand. About 85 were
earmarked for |
Early
models also look rather cheap, with plastics that don't look as good
as those in a Honda. The fit and finish and the tactile feel of
everything that moves in the cabin mitigate the materials
shortcoming but don't eliminate it. The ambiance is not at the level
a $30,000 vehicle should be.
It's
tough to fault the layout, though. A very readable instrument
cluster sits in front of the driver, and with the exception of the
radio all controls are easy to reach and operate. It's almost as if
the car is trying to become an extension of the driver--a trait all
exceptional road cars share. On '92-93 cars the glovebox is small
and flimsy, and there aren't a lot of storage places. When the
passenger airbag was added in '94 the glovebox grew. The
"economy" 318ti has a slightly different dash and in our
opinion actually looks a bit cleaner than the regular one.
Room/Comfort
The
front buckets are for the most part comfortable. They're firm in the
German tradition, maybe too firm for some. Padding is not overly
generous. They're most appreciated on longer trips.
The
sport seats with their extra lateral support may be uncomfortable
for passengers of wider girth. Many examples have the heated seats
option. We also noticed some examples that showed heavier that would
be expected upholstery wear. Leather cracking and stretching should
not be happening on a 50,000 mile car.
Headroom
is adequate front and rear, even in the lower coupe. The sunroof
cuts almost an inch from this space.
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| The
high-performance M is a driver's dream. |
In
the rear, the seats themselves are well designed, but there's just
not a lot of leg room back there, even in the sedan. It's the
biggest flaw in the car, and one that seemingly was glossed over by
all the major car magazines. If anyone over 5'10" gets
comfortable up front, there's no room! As you would imagine, the
coupe is even worse. BMW was certainly aware of the issue as
resculpted seatbacks were installed during the model run, which
helped a little. Although these cars are rated for 3 passengers in
the rear, that's laughable. To be fair, a big reason rear space is
tight is because the engine had been moved back to achieve 50/50
weight distribution. So it was a conscious trade-off, not poor
design.
Still,
after the lambasting the Ford Contour/Mercury Mystique (which
properly equipped is a passable bargain priced 3-series alternative)
received for cramped rear seating by the automotive press, we can't
help but wonder why they weren't as vocal with this car.
The
trunk is a small but usable 10.3 cu ft. The narrow opening makes it
difficult to stuff anything odd-sized back there. The rear seats
fold forward for more cargo capacity. The 318ti with its hatchback
configuration is the obvious exception here, with lots of cargo room
with the rear seat folded forward (but not flat) and the huge hatch
making cargo loading a breeze.
Ride/Handling/Performance
This
is where the 3-series shines. The steering feel, precision and
communication is terrific. The suspension is not terribly exotic
with MacPherson struts up front and a multilink setup in the rear
(except on the ti, which uses a revised but older--and
cheaper--design), but BMW manages some magic with it and it's hard
to argue with the results. All of these things add up to a vehicle
that is among the easiest to drive fast with confidence.
All
this would be terrific by itself, but what's really remarkable here
is that it combines this handling excellence with remarkably supple
ride, especially for a smallish car. The 3-series soaks up bumps
with aplomb, rarely jarring it's occupants or upsetting the car's
attitude. Body motions are controlled and firm but gradually so.
Wind
noise was ever-present on all the cars we drove at speed. We're not
sure if this is just a characteristic of the 3's from new or if the
window seals tend to break down over time. There was a moderate
amount of road noise on some surfaces--almost a resonating type of
sound.
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| A
rarely seen '98 318ti hatchback. |
BMW
does not try to eliminate the sound of the engine in the cabin, and
you'll always hear it. The six is silky smooth and sounds great. The
four on the other hand, is not especially smooth and it buzzes and
thrashes when pushed. Nothing bad mind you, but you'll get at least
equal refinement from any Honda engine.
You'll
lose some suppleness in the ride with Sport package equipped models
but gain some handling quickness and responsiveness. There's less
roll, too. "M" models ride quite stiffly, but oh, the
handling. The tradeoff is not for everyone however, and many will
find the ride just too uncomfortable. If you're interested in an
"M" try to drive it for a while and find all kinds of road
surfaces.
Acceleration
on the six-cylinder cars is brisk. The fours are merely adequate
overall, and weak on the low end. The 2.8 liter six installed on '96
and up cars offers increased low and mid-range performance through a
broader torque band. You can feel the difference if you go from a
325 right into a 328. The "M" is in another league
altogether, offering neck-snapping power at all speeds.
The
manual transmission is a gem. Throws are short and positive.
Although for us the only transmission to consider is the manual, the
automatics are excellent, too. We were only able to drive the
4-speed, but published reports indicate the 5-speed automatic
(available only on the "M" models) detracts little from
their sporting character. Both have selectable modes of operation
and the 5-speed has a fully driver controllable shifting capability.
These
cars have a horrendous reputation of going in snow. A sophisticated
traction control option was added in 1994 for the 325, and made
standard in '97. It was not available on the 318. In case you're
wondering, towing is not recommended on any of these models.
Fuel
economy is yet another 3-series strong point. The six will return a
solid 22-26mpg in combined driving, and that's without babying it.
The four only does slightly better, probably because it's working
harder.
Safety
Dual
airbags were added in 1994. Before that only the driver had an air
bag.
U.S.
Government crash tests on all models yielded a very good rating for
both front seat occupants. ABS control on big 4-wheel disc brakes
was standard equipment on all versions of the 3-Series. Another
safety feature that these cars have that doesn't show up in any
rating system is their ability to avoid accidents. Their
responsiveness allows them to avoid certain situations that would
catch a lumbering SUV or wallowing sedan.
Service/Maintenance
All
BMW's have a feature that we hate. It's their service reminder
system. Supposedly, a computer judges the way you have been driving
and calculates when you should bring your car in for service. A
reminder light in the dash goes on and you're supposed to bring the
car in to have it checked. For what, you'll have no idea. This seems
ridiculous to us. A simple service schedule works just fine, thank
you.
Normal
maintenance intervals are average. Maintenance items are a bit more
numerous than average and include such things as valve adjustments.
BMW did not switch to ozone-friendly A/C refrigerant until the '95
model year, so be aware that a conversion on earlier models will run
you somewhere between $300-$400.
A
surprise for us occurred when researching parts costs. They were not
as high as we expected, and in fact were reasonable for a
performance European sedan. Clutches for $200-$250 and alternators
at under $200 aren't too bad. Brakes were a bit high, though. So the
parts may not be Chevy priced, but they're not Mercedes or Lexus
ridiculous either.
Reliability
The
3-Series has a good reliability track record. Problem areas are few,
and even those do not show up on every car. The major things to look
for include the fuel delivery system and minor electrical glitches.
Warranty
coverage was an excellent 4yrs/50,000 miles for the '94 and up
models. 6yr/unlimited mileage corrosion protection came with all
3-series models, but BMW required a dealer inspection every two
years, so you'll want to check to see if this was done. Even 3/36
scheduled maintenance was included for '97 and '98 models.
Recommendations
For
all-around use, the 328i is the one we like the most. The fatter
torque curve feels great, you'll get the dual airbag interior and
some minor interior upgrades. If you're on a budget and have to have
a Bimmer, any one of the 318 models is not a bad choice. We've seen
some terrific deals on the 4-cylinder cars -- you can be a little
tougher in your negotiating than with the more popular and desirable
sixes. Some of this, no doubt is due to the dropping of the four and
replacing it with the more powerful and smoother 2.3 liter six in 98
and up cars. Putting the six in the base model put downward pressure
on the prices of used fours.
There
really aren't any bad choices here. The 325 is slightly below the
328 on the desirability scale, but we'd stay away from a 4-cylinder
car with an automatic. If you're leaning toward an "M", we
strongly advise you to try to spend as much time as you can with one
before you leap. Even though it will treat you to awesome
performance, the stiff ride may wear thin after awhile.
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General
Models:
318, 325, 328, M
Body
Styles:
4dr sedan; 2dr coupe; 2dr hatchback; 2dr convertible
Dimensions
& Capacities
Weight:
2900-3100lbs
(cpe & sdn); 3400lbs (cnv); 2800lbs (hdk); 3200lbs (M3)
Length:
174.5"
Wheelbase:
106.7"
Width:
66.9-67.3"
Height:
52.6-54.8"
EPA
Class: subcompact
Interior
Vol: 96
cu. ft.
Cargo
Vol : 10.3
(sdn); 9.2 (cpe); 15.0 (cu. ft.) (hbk)
Fuel:
13.7 gal (hbk); 16.4 (rest) |
Mechanical
Layout:
Front-engine,
Rear-wheel drive
Engines:
1.8L
(4cyl-134hp) 1.9L (4cyl-138hp) 2.5L (6cyl-189hp) 2.8L
(6cyl-190hp) 3.0L (6cyl-240hp) (M3)
Transmission:
4 or 5-speed automatic w/overdrive; 5spd manual
Brakes:
Front
disc/rear disc w/ABS
Performance
(1.8L/2.8L/3.0L
w/5spd manual)
0-60mph:
8.7/7.0/5.8
seconds 1/4 mile: 16.815.0/14.4 seconds Top Speed:
123/128/137mph (limited)
EPA
Mileage:
(city/hwy) manual trans 20/29 (2.8); 20/28 (3.0); 22/30
(1.8); 23/31(1.9) |
Safety
ABS
Brakes:
Standard
Air
Bags: Driver
only ('92-'93) Dual ('94-up)
NHTSA
Safety Rating:
(all years)
Driver
**** Passenger ****
Key:
Best:
***** No or minor injuries probable
Worst:
* Serious injury probable
IIHS
40 mph Crash Rating: not
tested
Original
Warranty:
4yr/50,000
mi limited bumper-to-bumper with roadside assistance;
3yr/36,00 mi scheduled maintenance ('97-'98); 6yr/unlimited
mi corrosion |
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